Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes occurring in living matter. It majorly focus on the role, function, and structure of biomolecules. In general it deals with enzymes, carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, fats, hormones, DNA, RNA, etc.
Urine is an excretory product of the body and presence of certain substances in urine reflects the metabolic state of the body. Composition 95% of volume of normal urine is due to water. Others:- Organic components – urea, urobilinogen, uric acid, amino acids, creatinine, metabolities of hormones. Inorganic components – Cations:- Na+, K+, Ca2+, NH4+ …
Living systems are made up of Proteins .They are the dehydration polymers of amino acids.Each amino acid residue is joined by a peptide linkage to form proteins. Proteins are the molecular instruments in which genetic information is expressed, Hormones, Antibodies,transporters, the lens protein, the architectural framework of our tissues and a myriad of substances having distinct …
Body proteins perform a large number of functions. One such unique function is, they act as biological catalysts (Enzymes) .They are responsible for highly complex reactions. They direct the metabolic events and exhibit specificity toward substrates, regulate the entire metabolism.Thus, they play key role in the degradation and synthesis of nutrients, biomolecules etc. The most …
A vector is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell, where it can be replicated or expressed. Cloning vector is a small DNA molecule capable of self-replication inside the host cell. Cloning vector is used for replicating donor DNA fragment within host cell. Vectors can replicate …
Developed by: G.N. Ramachandran in 1963 + and – + and + – and – 0 White regions: sterically disallowed for all amino acids except glycine Red regions: allowed regions namely the alpha-helical and beta-helical conformations Yellow areas: outer limit Exception: Glycine can lie anywhere iQOO Z9 Lite 5G (Mocha Brown, 4GB RAM, 128GB Storage) …
Ramchandran plot / Ramachandran diagram / Ø, ψ plot Read More »
Exergonic to Endergonic and vice-versa Catabolic to Anabolic and vice-versa Energy coupling: transfer of energy from one reaction to another in order to drive the second reaction. Exergonic reactions: delta G ≤ 0, spontaneous, release free energy Endergonic reactions: delta G ≥ 0, Non-sponatneous, absorbs free energy. Example: 6th and 7th step of glycolysis …
Direct formation of ATP from ADP (or direct phosphorylation of ADP) which is linked with dehydrogenation and independent of oxidative phosphorylation. Example: 7th and 10th reactions of glycolysis iQOO Z9 5G (Brushed Green, 8GB RAM, 128GB Storage) | Dimensity 7200 5G Processor | Sony IMX882 OIS Camera | 120Hz AMOLED with 1800 nits Local Peak …
Each of the 9 glycolytic intermediates between glucose and pyruvate is phosphorylated. The phosphate group has 3 functions. Because the P group is ionized at pH 7 and has charge and because plasma membranes are not permeable to the charged molecules, the phosphorylated molecules can not pass the membranes. They are trapped in the cell. …
The conversion of glucose to 2 mols of pyruvate and net synthesis of ATP. An energy converting pathway that stopped at pyruvate would not proceed for long, because redox balance has not been maintained. GAP dehydrogenase uses NAD+ and there are limited amounts of NAD+ in the cell. Therefore, NAD+ must ne regenerated for glycolysis …
It leads to hemolytic anemia (RBC destruction). The normal mature RBC has no mitochondria, thus it completely depends on glycolysis to produce ATP. Patients RBCs typically have 5% to 25% of normal pyruvate kinase activity, and therefore the rate of glycolysis in these cells is decreased. The anemia observed in PK-deficiency may be a consequence …
. the P-ryl group traps the molecule in its unstable enol form. When P-ryl is given to ADP, the enol undergoes a conversion into the more stable ketone, namely pyruvate. Thus, the high P-ryl transfer potential of PEP comes from the large driving force of the subsequent enol to ketone conversion. In other words, PEP …
Q. why does PEP have such a high Phosphoryl potential? Read More »
Active site: Cys 149, His 176 adjacent to NAD Glyceraldehydes 3 phosphate + Pi + NAD+ –gives– 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+ realme NARZO 70x 5G (Forest Green, 6GB RAM,128GB Storage| 120Hz Ultra Smooth Display | Dimensity 6100+ 6nm 5G | 50MP AI Camera | 45W Charger in The Box 4.0 out of 5 stars(832) ₹13,498.00 …
Structure of Glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase Read More »
Derived from: Glykys – sweet Lysis – breakdown/loosing That is glycolysis means: loosing or splitting of Glucose Produces energy: -60 KJ/mol. Occurs: almost in every living cell Glycolysis takes place in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms Site: Cytosol Glycolysis is the central pathway for the glucose catabolism in which glucose (6-carbon compound) is converted into …
Glycolysis or Embden-Meyerhof pathway (EM-pathway) Read More »
DLC means the count of individual WBC cells. Thus helps in knowing which specific cell type is increased in blood While TLC means the total no. of WBC i.e., helps to know the total no. of white blood cell count : Includes: Neutropils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils realme NARZO 70x 5G (Forest Green, 6GB RAM,128GB …
Difference between Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) Read More »
Introduction: The TLC blood test is one of the most common blood test ordered by doctors, and TLC stands for ‘Total Leukocyte Count’. Leukocytes are white blood cells which are important components of the blood. The main role of white blood cells or leukocytes is to fight infection and keep the body healthy. Leukocytes are essential for …
Introduction: What is DLC? Blood is made up of different types of cells which are suspended in a fluid called plasma. These include erythrocytes or red blood cells, leukocytes or white blood cells, and platelets. Blood cells are produced by the hematopoietic cells in bone marrow and are then released into circulation. RBCs carry oxygen …
Introduction: ABO grouping is performed in two ways: Forward grouping/cell grouping: red blood cells are tested for A and B antigens using known anti-A and anti-B sera. (Identification of ABO antigens on red blood cells) Reverse grouping/serum grouping: serum is tested for anti-A and anti-B antibodies using known A and B red cells. (Identification …
What is Plasma in Blood? Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. About 55% of our blood is plasma, and the remaining 45% are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets that are suspended in the plasma. Plasma is about 92% water. It also contains 7% vital proteins such as albumin, gamma globulin and …
Introduction: Blood, fluid that transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries away carbon dioxide and other waste products. Technically, blood is a transport liquid pumped by the heart (or an equivalent structure) to all parts of the body, after which it is returned to the heart to repeat the process. blood types are determined by …